Infection is an illness that happens when germs (bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites) get into the body and multiply. Most germs that live on and in us are harmless or even helpful. But sometimes the body’s immune system can’t keep them in check and they cause infection.
Some infections spread from person to person, such as the flu or strep throat. Other infections are spread by contact with contaminated substances, such as food or water. This includes infections that are caused by bacteria (like E coli and salmonella) or by germs that stick to surfaces, such as hepatitis A, hepatitis B or norovirus. Infections can also be spread by feces or vomit that sticks to objects such as toys, door handles and toilet flushers. Some infections are spread by insect bites, such as from mosquitoes and ticks that carry malaria parasites or Lyme disease germs.
Some infectious diseases, such as shingles, chickenpox and measles, are prevented by vaccines. Infections can also be prevented by regular and thorough hand-washing, getting enough sleep, taking fever reducers and not sharing utensils or cups. Some infections are very serious, such as tuberculosis or HIV, and may require hospital care. But many can be treated with medicines or home remedies. Infections that aren’t caused by germs, such as cancer or heart disease, are usually not prevented by vaccines or hygienic measures. But they can be managed with healthy lifestyles, such as getting plenty of exercise and not smoking.
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